Initial commit (history cleared)

spec/controllers/api/v1/users_controller_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# require 'spec_helper'
+#
+# describe Api::V1::UsersController do
+#
+# end

spec/controllers/messages_controller_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"

spec/controllers/password_resets_controller_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"

spec/controllers/pay_controller_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# require 'spec_helper'
+#
+# describe PayController do
+#
+# end

spec/controllers/tutorials_controller_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "spec_helper"
+
+RSpec.describe TutorialsController, type: :controller do
+  describe "ReDoS vulnerabilities (Rails 8)" do
+    describe "POST #redos_email" do
+      context "with valid email" do
+        it "validates email successfully" do
+          post :redos_email, params: { email: "test@example.com" }
+
+          expect(response).to have_http_status(:success)
+          json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+          expect(json_response["valid"]).to be true
+          expect(json_response["message"]).to eq("Email validation completed")
+        end
+
+        it "completes validation in reasonable time" do
+          post :redos_email, params: { email: "test@example.com" }
+
+          json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+          expect(json_response["time_elapsed"]).to be < 0.1  # Should be nearly instant
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with potentially malicious ReDoS input" do
+        it "handles potentially malicious input" do
+          # Input that could cause catastrophic backtracking in less optimized regex engines
+          # Note: Ruby 3.3's regex engine is well-optimized and may not timeout with this input
+          malicious_email = "a" * 30 + "@" + "a" * 30
+
+          post :redos_email, params: { email: malicious_email }
+
+          # Response may be success (if regex completes) or bad_request (if timeout)
+          # Both are acceptable outcomes demonstrating the vulnerability
+          expect(response).to have_http_status(:success).or have_http_status(:bad_request)
+          json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+
+          # If it times out, check error message
+          if response.status == 400
+            expect(json_response["error"]).to eq("Timeout")
+            expect(json_response["message"]).to include("ReDoS")
+          end
+        end
+
+        it "demonstrates the vulnerable pattern exists" do
+          # This test documents that the pattern is theoretically vulnerable
+          # even if Ruby 3.3's engine handles it efficiently
+          malicious_email = "test@example.com"
+          post :redos_email, params: { email: malicious_email }
+
+          expect(response).to have_http_status(:success)
+          json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+          expect(json_response).to have_key("time_elapsed")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "POST #redos_username" do
+      context "with valid username" do
+        it "validates username matching pattern" do
+          post :redos_username, params: { username: "aaaa" }
+
+          expect(response).to have_http_status(:success)
+          json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+          expect(json_response["valid"]).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with potentially malicious ReDoS input" do
+        it "demonstrates the classic ReDoS pattern (a+)+" do
+          # This is the classic ReDoS pattern: (a+)+
+          # Ruby 3.3's engine is optimized but the pattern is still considered vulnerable
+          malicious_username = "a" * 30 + "!"
+
+          post :redos_username, params: { username: malicious_username }
+
+          # Ruby 3.3 handles this efficiently, but the pattern is still bad practice
+          expect(response).to have_http_status(:success).or have_http_status(:bad_request)
+          json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+
+          # If it times out, verify the timeout message
+          if response.status == 400
+            expect(json_response["error"]).to eq("Timeout")
+            expect(json_response["time_elapsed"]).to be >= 0.9
+          end
+        end
+
+        it "demonstrates Rails 8 timeout protection exists" do
+          malicious_username = "a" * 30 + "!"
+
+          # With Rails 8's Regexp.timeout, this won't hang indefinitely
+          # (In older Ruby versions without timeout, this could hang)
+          expect {
+            post :redos_username, params: { username: malicious_username }
+          }.not_to raise_error  # Should not hang, should return response
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "POST #redos_email_safe" do
+      context "with valid email" do
+        it "validates email using safe regex" do
+          post :redos_email_safe, params: { email: "test@example.com" }
+
+          expect(response).to have_http_status(:success)
+          json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+          expect(json_response["valid"]).to be true
+          expect(json_response["message"]).to include("safe method")
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with potentially malicious input" do
+        it "handles malicious input safely without timeout" do
+          malicious_email = "a" * 100 + "@" + "a" * 100 + ".com"
+
+          post :redos_email_safe, params: { email: malicious_email }
+
+          # Should complete quickly without timeout
+          expect(response).to have_http_status(:success)
+          json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+          expect(json_response["time_elapsed"]).to be < 0.1  # Fast even with long input
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "Comparison: Vulnerable vs Safe" do
+    it "demonstrates the difference between vulnerable and safe patterns" do
+      # Test vulnerable endpoint with potentially malicious input
+      post :redos_username, params: { username: "aaaa" }
+      vulnerable_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+
+      # Test safe endpoint with same type of input
+      post :redos_email_safe, params: { email: "test@example.com" }
+      safe_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+
+      # Both should complete (Ruby 3.3 is well-optimized)
+      expect(vulnerable_response).to have_key("time_elapsed")
+      expect(safe_response).to have_key("time_elapsed")
+
+      # Safe endpoint should use Ruby's built-in URI regex
+      expect(safe_response["message"]).to include("safe method")
+    end
+
+    it "shows that timeout protection is available" do
+      # Demonstrates that Regexp.timeout is configured
+      # This prevents potential hangs even if catastrophic backtracking occurs
+      expect(Regexp.timeout).to eq(1.0)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures (Rails 8)" do
+    describe "GET #supply_chain" do
+      it "returns comprehensive supply chain vulnerability information" do
+        get :supply_chain
+
+        expect(response).to have_http_status(:success)
+        json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+
+        expect(json_response).to have_key("vulnerabilities")
+        expect(json_response).to have_key("demo")
+        expect(json_response).to have_key("secure_example")
+      end
+
+      it "documents missing SRI vulnerability" do
+        get :supply_chain
+
+        json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+        vulnerabilities = json_response["vulnerabilities"]
+
+        sri_vuln = vulnerabilities.find { |v| v["type"] == "Missing Subresource Integrity (SRI)" }
+
+        expect(sri_vuln).not_to be_nil
+        expect(sri_vuln["location"]).to eq("app/views/layouts/application.html.erb")
+        expect(sri_vuln["description"]).to include("CDN assets loaded without integrity checks")
+        expect(sri_vuln["impact"]).to include("compromised")
+      end
+
+      it "documents outdated dependencies vulnerability" do
+        get :supply_chain
+
+        json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+        vulnerabilities = json_response["vulnerabilities"]
+
+        dep_vuln = vulnerabilities.find { |v| v["type"] == "Outdated Dependencies" }
+
+        expect(dep_vuln).not_to be_nil
+        expect(dep_vuln["mitigation"]).to include("bundle audit")
+      end
+
+      it "documents missing SBOM vulnerability" do
+        get :supply_chain
+
+        json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+        vulnerabilities = json_response["vulnerabilities"]
+
+        sbom_vuln = vulnerabilities.find { |v| v["type"] == "No Software Bill of Materials (SBOM)" }
+
+        expect(sbom_vuln).not_to be_nil
+        expect(sbom_vuln["mitigation"]).to include("CycloneDX or SPDX")
+      end
+
+      it "provides secure vs vulnerable examples" do
+        get :supply_chain
+
+        json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+        secure_example = json_response["secure_example"]
+
+        expect(secure_example["vulnerable"]).not_to include("integrity=")
+        expect(secure_example["secure"]).to include("integrity=")
+        expect(secure_example["secure"]).to include("crossorigin=")
+      end
+
+      it "includes real-world CVE example" do
+        get :supply_chain
+
+        json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+        vulnerabilities = json_response["vulnerabilities"]
+
+        sri_vuln = vulnerabilities.find { |v| v["type"] == "Missing Subresource Integrity (SRI)" }
+
+        expect(sri_vuln["cve_example"]).to include("British Airways")
+        expect(sri_vuln["cve_example"]).to include("Magecart")
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "GET #check_dependencies" do
+      it "returns dependency scanning simulation" do
+        get :check_dependencies
+
+        expect(response).to have_http_status(:success)
+        json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+
+        expect(json_response["status"]).to eq("scan_complete")
+        expect(json_response).to have_key("message")
+        expect(json_response).to have_key("example_vulnerabilities")
+        expect(json_response).to have_key("recommended_tools")
+      end
+
+      it "provides example vulnerability data" do
+        get :check_dependencies
+
+        json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+        vulnerabilities = json_response["example_vulnerabilities"]
+
+        expect(vulnerabilities).to be_an(Array)
+        expect(vulnerabilities.length).to be >= 2
+
+        # Check Rails example
+        rails_vuln = vulnerabilities.find { |v| v["gem"] == "rails" }
+        expect(rails_vuln).not_to be_nil
+        expect(rails_vuln["version"]).to eq("8.0.4")
+      end
+
+      it "recommends security scanning tools" do
+        get :check_dependencies
+
+        json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+        tools = json_response["recommended_tools"]
+
+        expect(tools).to be_an(Array)
+        expect(tools.any? { |t| t.include?("bundle-audit") }).to be true
+        expect(tools.any? { |t| t.include?("Dependabot") }).to be true
+        expect(tools.any? { |t| t.include?("Snyk") }).to be true
+      end
+
+      it "includes instructions for manual checking" do
+        get :check_dependencies
+
+        json_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+
+        expect(json_response["note"]).to include("bundle audit")
+      end
+
+      it "handles errors gracefully" do
+        # Simulate an error by stubbing JSON.parse to raise an error
+        allow_any_instance_of(TutorialsController).to receive(:render).and_call_original
+
+        # The endpoint should handle errors and return 500
+        # This is more of a structural test to ensure error handling exists
+        get :check_dependencies
+
+        # Should return successful response under normal conditions
+        expect(response).to have_http_status(:success)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "Integration: Supply Chain Attack Surface" do
+      it "demonstrates complete attack surface" do
+        # Check supply chain vulnerabilities
+        get :supply_chain
+        supply_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+
+        # Check dependency scanning
+        get :check_dependencies
+        dep_response = JSON.parse(response.body)
+
+        # Both endpoints should provide complementary information
+        expect(supply_response["vulnerabilities"].length).to be >= 5
+        expect(dep_response["recommended_tools"].length).to be >= 4
+
+        # Supply chain should reference the tools mentioned in dependency check
+        expect(supply_response["vulnerabilities"].any? { |v| v["mitigation"]&.include?("bundle audit") }).to be true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/helpers/messages_helper_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"

spec/lib/encryption_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+require_relative "../../lib/encryption"
+
+describe Encryption do
+  let(:value) {
+    allow(Encryption).to receive(:key).and_return(SecureRandom.bytes(32))
+    allow(Encryption).to receive(:iv).and_return(SecureRandom.bytes(16))
+
+    "OMG PII"
+  }
+
+  it "encrypts values" do
+    encrypted = Encryption.encrypt_sensitive_value(value)
+    expect(Base64.decode64(encrypted)).not_to eq(value)
+  end
+
+  it "decrypts values" do
+    encrypted = Encryption.encrypt_sensitive_value(value)
+    decrypted = Encryption.decrypt_sensitive_value(encrypted)
+
+    expect(decrypted).to eq(value)
+  end
+end

spec/mailers/user_mailer_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"

spec/models/benefits_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper.rb"
+
+describe Benefits do
+  before(:all) do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+    DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
+  end
+
+  after(:all) do
+    DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :truncation
+  end
+
+  it "can be instantiated" do
+    expect(Benefits.new).to be_an_instance_of(Benefits)
+  end
+
+  it "name can be updated" do
+    new_name = "Bobby"
+    user = User.all.first
+    user.first_name = new_name
+    user.save!
+    expect(User.all.first.first_name).to eq(new_name)
+  end
+end

spec/models/key_management_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"

spec/models/message_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"

spec/models/user_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper.rb"
+
+describe User do
+  before(:all) do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+    DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
+  end
+
+  after(:all) do
+    DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :truncation
+  end
+
+  it "can be instantiated" do
+    expect(User.new).to be_an_instance_of(User)
+  end
+
+  it "should require a email" do
+    expect(User.new(email: "")).not_to be_valid
+  end
+
+  it "should require valid email" do
+    expect(User.new(email: "@gmail.com")).not_to be_valid
+  end
+
+  it "should require unique email" do
+    user = User.all.first
+    expect(User.new(email: user.email)).not_to be_valid
+  end
+
+  it "name can be updated" do
+    new_name = "Bobby"
+    user = User.all.first
+    user.first_name = new_name
+    user.save!
+    expect(User.all.first.first_name).to eq(new_name)
+  end
+end

spec/spec_helper.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
+ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= "test"
+
+# To use simplecov, do this: COVERAGE=true rake
+require "simplecov"
+SimpleCov.start if ENV["COVERAGE"]
+
+require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)
+require "rspec/rails"
+require "capybara/rails"
+require "selenium-webdriver"
+require "database_cleaner"
+
+# Requires supporting ruby files with custom matchers and macros, etc,
+# in spec/support/ and its subdirectories.
+Dir[Rails.root.join("spec/support/**/*.rb")].each { |f| require f }
+
+RSpec.configure do |config|
+  # ## Mock Framework
+  #
+  # If you prefer to use mocha, flexmock or RR, uncomment the appropriate line:
+  #
+  # config.mock_with :mocha
+  # config.mock_with :flexmock
+  # config.mock_with :rr
+
+  # If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your
+  # examples within a transaction, remove the following line or assign false
+  # instead of true.
+  config.use_transactional_fixtures = false # Capybara Poltergeist driver requires this
+
+  # If true, the base class of anonymous controllers will be inferred
+  # automatically. This will be the default behavior in future versions of
+  # rspec-rails.
+  config.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false
+
+  # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an
+  # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing
+  # the seed, which is printed after each run.
+  #     --seed 1234
+  config.order = "random"
+
+  config.before(:each) do
+    DatabaseCleaner.start
+  end
+
+  config.after(:each) do
+    DatabaseCleaner.clean
+  end
+
+  # rspec-rails 3 will no longer automatically infer an example group's spec type
+  # from the file location. You can explicitly opt-in to the feature using this
+  # config option.
+  # To explicitly tag specs without using automatic inference, set the `:type`
+  # metadata manually:
+  #
+  #     describe ThingsController, :type => :controller do
+  #       # Equivalent to being in spec/controllers
+  #     end
+  config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!
+end
+
+# Driver is configured in spec/support/capybara_shared.rb
+# to use :poltergeist (PhantomJS) which is more reliable across platforms
+
+DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :truncation

spec/support/capybara_shared.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# By default this will return true, and thus all of the Capybara specs will
+# fail until a developer using the site for training has patched up all of
+# the vulnerabilities.
+#
+# However, RailsGoat maintainers need the Capybara features to pass to indicate
+# changes to the site have not inadvertently removed or fixed any vulnerabilities
+# since the whole point is to provide a site for a developer to fix.
+$displayed_spec_notice = false
+
+def verifying_fixed?
+  maintainer_env_name = "RAILSGOAT_MAINTAINER"
+  result = !ENV[maintainer_env_name]
+  if !$displayed_spec_notice && result
+    puts <<-NOTICE
+
+    ******************************************************************************
+    You are running the RailsGoat Capybara Specs in Training mode. These specs
+    are supposed to fail, indicating vulnerabilities exist. They contain spoilers,
+    so do not read the code in spec/vulnerabilities if your goal is to learn more
+    about patching the vulnerabilities. You should fix the vulnerabilities in the
+    application in order to get these specs to pass**. You can use them to measure
+    your progress.
+
+    These same specs will pass if you set the #{maintainer_env_name} ENV variable.
+
+    **NOTE: The RSpec skip feature is used to toggle the outcome of these specs
+    between Training mode and RailsGoat Maintainer mode. When the vulnerabilities
+    are removed, the specs will pass instead. Try to get a fully passing suite.
+    ******************************************************************************
+
+    NOTICE
+    $displayed_spec_notice = true
+  end
+  result
+end
+
+def login(user)
+  visit "/"
+  fill_in "email", with: user.email
+  fill_in "password", with: user.clear_password
+  find("input[type='submit'][value='Login']").click
+end
+
+# Configure Selenium with headless Chrome for JavaScript testing
+# This works across macOS, Linux, and Windows without requiring Firefox
+Capybara.register_driver :selenium_chrome_headless do |app|
+  options = Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome::Options.new
+  options.add_argument("--headless")
+  options.add_argument("--disable-gpu")
+  options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
+  options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")
+  options.add_argument("--window-size=1920,1080")
+
+  Capybara::Selenium::Driver.new(app, browser: :chrome, options: options)
+end
+
+Capybara.javascript_driver = :selenium_chrome_headless

spec/support/user_fixture.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+class UserFixture
+  def self.reset_all_users
+    User.delete_all
+    Rails.application.load_seed
+  end
+
+  def self.normal_user
+    password = "thi$ 1s cOmplExEr"
+    User.create!(first_name: "Joe", last_name: "Schmoe", email: "joe@schmoe.com",
+                 password: password, password_confirmation: password).tap do |user|
+      def user.clear_password
+        "thi$ 1s cOmplExEr"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.admin_user
+    User.where(admin: true).first
+  end
+end

spec/vulnerabilities/broken_auth_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+
+feature "broken_auth" do
+  let(:normal_user) { UserFixture.normal_user }
+
+  before do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+
+    skip unless verifying_fixed?
+  end
+
+  scenario "one\nTutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/A2-Credential-Enumeration" do
+    wrong_email = normal_user.email + "not"
+
+    visit "/"
+    fill_in "email", with: wrong_email
+    fill_in "password", with: normal_user.clear_password
+    find("input[type='submit'][value='Login']").click
+
+    expect(find("div#flash_notice").text).not_to include(wrong_email)
+  end
+
+  scenario "two\nTutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/A2-Credential-Enumeration" do
+    visit "/"
+    fill_in "email", with: normal_user.email
+    fill_in "password", with: normal_user.clear_password + "not"
+    find("input[type='submit'][value='Login']").click
+
+    expect(find("div#flash_notice").text).not_to include("Incorrect Password!")
+  end
+end

spec/vulnerabilities/command_injection_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+require "tmpdir"
+
+feature "command injection" do
+  let(:normal_user) { UserFixture.normal_user }
+
+  before do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+    skip unless verifying_fixed?
+  end
+
+  scenario "attack\nTutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/A1-Command-Injection", js: true do
+    login(normal_user)
+
+    legit_file = File.join(Rails.root, "public", "data", "legit.txt")
+    File.open(legit_file, "w") { |f| f.puts "totes legit" }
+
+    visit "/users/#{normal_user.id}/benefit_forms"
+    Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+      hackety_file = File.join(dir, "test; cd public && cd data && rm -f * ;")
+      File.open(hackety_file, "w") { |f| f.print "mwahaha" }
+      within(".new_benefits") do
+        attach_file "benefits_upload", hackety_file
+        find(:xpath, "//input[@id='benefits_backup']", visible: false).set "true"
+      end
+      click_on "Start Upload"
+    end
+
+    expect(File.exist?(legit_file)).to be_truthy
+  end
+end

spec/vulnerabilities/csrf_spec.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+require "tmpdir"
+
+feature "csrf" do
+  let(:normal_user) { UserFixture.normal_user }
+
+  before(:each) do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+    skip unless verifying_fixed?
+  end
+
+  scenario "attack\nTutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/R4-A8-CSRF", js: true do
+    visit "/"
+    # TODO: is there a way to get this without visiting root first?
+    base_url = current_url
+
+    login(normal_user)
+
+    Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+      hackety_file = File.join(dir, "form.on.bad.guy.site.html")
+      post_url = "#{base_url}schedule.json"
+      File.open(hackety_file, "w") do |f|
+        f.print <<-HTML
+        <html>
+          <body>
+            <form id='submit_me' action="#{post_url}" method="POST">
+              <input type="hidden" name="schedule&#91;event&#95;name&#93;" value="Bad&#32;Guy" />
+              <input type="hidden" name="schedule&#91;event&#95;type&#93;" value="pto" />
+              <input type="hidden" name="schedule&#91;event&#95;desc&#93;" value="Fun&#32;Fun" />
+              <input type="hidden" name="date&#95;range1" value="06&#47;08&#47;2013&#32;&#45;&#32;06&#47;09&#47;2013" />
+              <input type="submit" value="Submit request" />
+            </form>
+          </body>
+        </html>
+        HTML
+      end
+
+      page.driver.visit "file://#{hackety_file}"
+      within("#submit_me") do
+        click_on "Submit request"
+      end
+    end
+
+    expect(normal_user.reload.paid_time_off.schedule.last.event_name).not_to eq("Bad Guy")
+  end
+end

spec/vulnerabilities/insecure_dor_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+
+feature "insecure direct object reference" do
+  let(:normal_user) { UserFixture.normal_user }
+  let(:another_user) { User.find_by(id: 2) }
+
+  before do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+    skip unless verifying_fixed?
+  end
+
+  scenario "attack one" do
+    login(normal_user)
+
+    visit "/users/#{normal_user.id}/benefit_forms"
+    download_url = first(".widget-body a")[:href]
+    visit download_url.sub(/name=(.*?)&/, "name=config/database.yml&")
+
+    expect(page.status_code).not_to eq(200)
+    expect(page.response_headers["Content-Disposition"].to_a).not_to include("database.yml")
+  end
+
+  scenario "attack two\nTutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/A4-Insecure-Direct-Object-Reference" do
+    login(normal_user)
+
+    expect(normal_user.id).not_to eq(another_user.id)
+
+    visit "/users/#{another_user.id}/work_info"
+
+    expect(first("td").text).not_to include(another_user.full_name)
+    expect(first("td").text).to include(normal_user.full_name)
+  end
+end

spec/vulnerabilities/mass_assignment_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+
+feature "mass assignment" do
+  let(:normal_user) { UserFixture.normal_user }
+
+  before do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+    skip unless verifying_fixed?
+  end
+
+  scenario "attack one" do
+    expect(normal_user.admin).to be_falsey
+    login(normal_user)
+
+    params = { user: { admin: "t",
+                        id: normal_user.id,
+                        password: normal_user.clear_password,
+                        password_confirmation: normal_user.clear_password }}
+
+    page.driver.put "/users/#{normal_user.id}.json", params
+
+    expect(normal_user.reload.admin).to be_falsy
+  end
+
+  scenario "attack two, Tutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/R4-Extras-Mass-Assignment-Admin-Role" do
+    params = { user: {  admin: "t",
+                        email: "hackety@h4x0rs.c0m",
+                        first_name: "hackety",
+                        last_name: "hax",
+                        password: "foobarewe",
+                        password_confirmation: "foobarewe" }}
+
+    page.driver.post "/users", params
+
+    expect(User.find_by(email: "hackety@h4x0rs.c0m").admin).to be_falsy
+  end
+end

spec/vulnerabilities/password_complexity_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+
+feature "password complexity" do
+  let(:normal_user) { UserFixture.normal_user }
+
+  before do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+    skip unless verifying_fixed?
+  end
+
+  scenario "one\nTutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/A2-Lack-of-Password-Complexity" do
+    new_user_email = normal_user.email + "two"
+
+    visit "/signup"
+    fill_in "email", with: new_user_email
+    fill_in "first_name", with: normal_user.first_name
+    fill_in "last_name", with: normal_user.last_name + "not"
+    fill_in "password", with: "password"
+    fill_in "password_confirmation", with: "password"
+    click_on "Create Account"
+
+    expect(User.find_by(email: new_user_email)).to be_nil
+    expect(current_path).to eq("/signup")
+  end
+end

spec/vulnerabilities/password_hashing_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+
+feature "improper password hashing" do
+  let(:normal_user) { UserFixture.normal_user }
+
+  before do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+  end
+
+  scenario "with just md5\nTutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/A6-Sensitive-Data-Exposure-Insecure-Password-Storage" do
+    new_pass = "testPassw0rd!"
+    normal_user.password = new_pass
+    normal_user.password_confirmation = new_pass
+    normal_user.save!
+
+    if verifying_fixed?
+      # Training mode: expect BCrypt (not MD5) - test should fail because vulnerability exists
+      expect(normal_user.password).not_to eq(Digest::MD5.hexdigest(new_pass))
+    else
+      # Maintainer mode: expect MD5 to verify vulnerability still exists - test should pass
+      expect(normal_user.password).to eq(Digest::MD5.hexdigest(new_pass))
+    end
+  end
+
+end

spec/vulnerabilities/sensitive_data_exposure.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+
+feature "sensitive data exposure" do
+  let(:normal_user) { UserFixture.normal_user }
+  let(:user_ssn) { "999-99-9999" }
+
+  before do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+    normal_user.work_info.update(:SSN, user_ssn)
+
+    skip unless verifying_fixed?
+  end
+
+  # this won't work with javascript_driver, as it'll apply the javascript
+  # function to mask this value and the source will be overwritten.
+  scenario "attack\nTutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/A6-Sensitive-Data-Exposure-Cleartext-Storage-SSNs" do
+    login(normal_user)
+
+    visit "/users/#{normal_user.id}/work_info"
+
+    expect(page.source).not_to include(user_ssn)
+  end
+end

spec/vulnerabilities/sql_injection_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+
+feature "sql injection" do
+  let(:normal_user) { UserFixture.normal_user }
+  let(:admin_user) { User.where(admin: true).first }
+
+  before do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+    skip unless verifying_fixed?
+  end
+
+  scenario "attack\nTutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/R5-A1-SQL-Injection-Concatentation" do
+    expect(admin_user.admin).to be_truthy
+
+    login(normal_user)
+
+    visit "/users/#{normal_user.id}/account_settings"
+    within("#account_edit") do
+      fill_in "Email", with: "joe.admin@schmoe.com"
+      fill_in "user_password", with: "hacketyhack"
+      fill_in "user_password_confirmation", with: "hacketyhack"
+
+      # this is a hidden field, so cannot use fill_in to access it.
+      find(:xpath, "//input[@id='user_id']", visible: false).set "8' OR 1 == 1) --"
+    end
+    click_on "Submit"
+
+    admin_user = User.where(admin: true).first
+    expect(admin_user.email).not_to eq("joe.admin@schmoe.com")
+  end
+end

spec/vulnerabilities/unvalidated_redirects_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+
+feature "unvalidated redirect" do
+  let(:normal_user) { UserFixture.normal_user }
+
+  before do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+
+    skip unless verifying_fixed?
+  end
+
+  scenario "attack\nTutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/A10-Unvalidated-Redirects-and-Forwards-(redirect_to)", js: true do
+    visit "/?url=http://example.com/do/evil/things"
+    fill_in "email", with: normal_user.email
+    fill_in "password", with: normal_user.clear_password
+    find("input[type='submit'][value='Login']").click
+
+    expect(current_url).to start_with("http://127.0.0.1")
+    expect(current_path).to eq("/dashboard/home")
+  end
+end

spec/vulnerabilities/url_access_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+
+feature "url access" do
+  let(:normal_user) { UserFixture.normal_user }
+
+  before do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+
+    skip unless verifying_fixed?
+  end
+
+  scenario "attack\nTutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/A7-Missing-Function-Level-Access-Control--(Admin-Controller)", js: true do
+    login(normal_user)
+
+    visit "/admin/1/dashboard"
+
+    expect(current_path).to eq("/dashboard/home")
+  end
+end

spec/vulnerabilities/xss_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require "spec_helper"
+
+feature "xss" do
+  let(:normal_user) { UserFixture.normal_user }
+
+  before(:each) do
+    UserFixture.reset_all_users
+
+    skip unless verifying_fixed?
+  end
+
+  scenario "attack\nTutorial: https://github.com/OWASP/railsgoat/wiki/A3-Cross-Site-Scripting", js: true do
+    login(normal_user)
+
+    visit "/users/#{normal_user.id}/account_settings"
+    within("#account_edit") do
+      fill_in "First name", with: "<script>$(function() { $('div input.btn').val('RailsGoat h4x0r3d') } )</script>"
+
+      # password gets screwed up if you don't re-submit - need to fix
+      fill_in "user_password", with: normal_user.clear_password
+      fill_in "user_password_confirmation", with: normal_user.clear_password
+    end
+    click_on "Submit"
+
+    sleep(1)
+
+    visit "/users/#{normal_user.id}/account_settings"
+
+
+    expect(find("#submit_button").value).not_to include("RailsGoat h4x0r3d")
+
+    # might be nice to demonstrate posting cookie contents or somesuch, but
+    # this at least shows the vulnerability still exists.
+  end
+end